Charly 的个人资料Love from the UNforgotte...照片日志列表更多  |  工具 帮助 |
Experience Medicine and Careers in Health @ McGill I am too lazy to write anything. Gauchetiere 1000<<<<< >>>> A random building in the McGill Campus.
Let's walk into people again. 人終要分離... 人終會死... Look at the pretty lights.
BOTTOM of the FALL >>> WOW PS is skinny.
TRIP AND SKIN YOUR KNEES I'm so suitable to be a nurse =_=" not that I don't want to be one
期待你的爱-林俊杰曲：林俊杰 词：林怡凤 许环良
想要找回来 自己的节拍
Enter Post Title Here - 因為我是千古最人
我知道要記得細心觀察身邊的人和事情才可以明白大家心想的. 可是這(從彤彤跟我們的角度)不是已經"一目了言"了嗎? 一個就是害羞的大笨蛋 (他是不是故意裝傻整彤彤的我不知道), 另外一個就是沒自信心超花心常常會撒嬌(well not really 撒嬌, 但是都是扭扭捏捏的)的大孩子. [我知道我也可以選入這個 category, but 如果我真的聽你說就會變成一個塤友 尤其在某些人的眼中 我就會是[千古罪人] 把我做的那些事當成毀他們感情的計畫. 一句到尾你跟我講了那麼多都是沒有結論的！！！！！！！！ (ANDＩＴREALLYＤＯＥＳＮ’ＴMATTERＨＯＷBADMYＣＨＩＮＥＳＥIS) BTW (general question?) which college are you going to? Il était une fois...
Trip To OttawaWorld's weirdest pictures =_+ We went to parliament, Museum of Civilization and Museum of Science and Technology (I'm only guessing the names of the last two).
One of my favourite pictures was the piano (see left), but Kin Kiu was a bit obsessed? Or more like OVERLY OVER-OBSESSED. Even if he plays the piano, has a passion for showing that he's talented in musical knowledge and thinks every piano player should recognize Glenn Gould (noting that I am on agreed terms with him on the first one), it doesn't not mean he doesn't scare me. I've also uploaded the video of Jacqueline (Jacky Lin sounds good too, in my OP) , Jess Jess and Kellerz making a laughing fit out of themselves while listening to "We want to write a Fugue!!!!!!!!!!!!!" However, every time I pointed my camera to Kelly, she would sit down? (Please view Youtube video to vaguely but not really understand what I am saying)^^ >>>>> Parliament. I liked the fire and the glass and the ceilings and the library I actually made it home tonight, but everyone is mobbing me, asking me WHY I AM HOME!?!?!?! What kind of question is that? I ate so much food on the trip, it's depressing. History Project - VideoOkay here goes nothing....
When my Internet runs out on me, I'll finally finish writing my Summer, Autumn and Spring. However, for now at least, this will do... Incase my USB sucks
Tay Sachs Disease Tay Sachs Disease, also known as GM2 gangliosidosis, Hexosaminidase A Deficiency or Sphingolipidosis, is a genetic disease that occurs in three forms, Infantile Tay Sachs Disease, Juvenile Tay Sachs and Late Onset Tay Sachs. [1] Tay Sachs, in all its forms, is caused by a deficiency or complete absence of Hexosaminidase A (Hex-A), which is linked with mutations on chromosome 15, on the HEXA gene. Hex-A, an enzyme that catalyzes the biodegradation of the fatty acid derivatives, gangliosides is especially necessary during early childhood since gangliosides are frequently made during this time and equally frequently disposed of under normal circumstances at the stage. Lack of Hex-A will allow these fatty acids to build up, especially in the nerve cells of the brain.[2] The progressive accumulation of these excess fatty acids, also called “substrate,” damages the cells.[3] Tay Sachs is noted for its similarity to other genetic diseases such as Canavan Disease and Sandhoffs. Tay Sachs Disease is an automal recessive disease. More specifically, that means, that both parents of a child must be carriers for the child to develop the disease. Even if both parents are carriers of the disease, that is to say, that they have one allele with a mutation on the HEXA gene and one allele that is normal, but that person itself if not affected, there is only a twenty-five percent chance that their offspring would develop Tay Sachs. There is also the fifty percent chance that the child would be a carrier as well, or a twenty five percent chance that the child does not have the mutation of the HEXA gene for both alleles. Over ninety different mutations in the HEXA gene have been discovered up until this time. Mutations on the HEXA gene are prevalent among specific populations such as Ashkenazi Jews, French Canadians and the Cajun population in Louisiana. Tay Sachs disease has similar symptoms in all its forms, although as the onset of the forms of the disease occurs progressively later in a lifespan, the less severe the symptoms are. Infantile Tay Sachs, the most common form, is fatal in all cases; with patients living no longer than four to five years even when given the best care available. Infants with Tay Sachs develop normally for the first six months of their life, afterwards, the mental and physical abilities will rapidly deteriorate. The child loses their sense of sight and hearing, as well as the ability to swallow. Among the neurological symptoms are dementia, seizures and an increased startle reflex to noise.[4] Juvenile Tay Sachs, a very rare form of Tay Sachs, occurs in children between the ages of two to ten. Symptoms include difficulty with cognitive, motor and speech skills, as well as weak muscles, ataxia (loss of muscle coordination) and mental illness. [5] A low level of Hex-A in younger adults causes late Onset Tay Sachs; with symptoms typically occur during adolescence. Included among symptoms are ataxia, dysarthria (slurred speech) and muscle atrophy (muscle weakness). [6] Many also develop psychiatric illnesses, in particular, schizophrenic like psychosis. People with Late Onset Tay Sachs generally live full adult lives, often in wheelchairs, if mental and physical problems are accommodated.[7] All patients of Tay Sachs have a “cherry red” spot that can easily seen by a physician on their retina. Tay Sachs is an incurable disease. However, there are many preventative measures in avoiding the spreading of this disease and medications to control the symptoms. Different medications (e.g.: anticonvulsant medicine to control the seizures) and methods are used specifically to which of the wide variety of symptoms the patients may have. However, the best way to help is maintaining proper nutrition, hydration and open airway for easy breathing.[8] In theory, scientists have come up with a variety of ways to prevent this disease, yet none of these treatments have been truly successful. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a technique in which the malfunctioning HEXA enzyme is replaced by a method similar to insulin injections. However, the brain vessels are very tiny and have many junctions to prevent unwanted substances out, blocking the enzyme from entering the brain. Even when the enzyme is placed in the cerebrospinal fluid which the brain sits in, neurons are unable to take it in. Instead of replacing the enzyme, some scientists have tried to replace the gene that causes the malfunctioning enzyme. This is called Gene therapy. Conversely, they have not developed a successful way to introduce new genes into the neurons.[9] To prevent or decrease the chance of spreading this disease, there are three ways. Couples should go for testing if they are from an ethnic group with high risks (Ashkenazi Jew, French-Canadian, etc…) or if anyone in the family has had Tay Sachs.[10] Keeping conscious about being a carrier of this gene is important. However, the two other ways cause much protest. Since Tay Sachs is a disease without a cure, many people decide to terminate the pregnancy as soon as the genetic mutation is detected. Many people are against the idea of abortion saying that it is just a way of killing. However others argue that the embryos are not yet “humans” and it is not a killing. Others decide to avoid this by having a pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. This is when conception is outside of the womb. In this case, only healthy embryos are implanted into the womb, screening out the ones with Tay Sachs (and/or any other problems). Many question whether this is screening for “bad” genes or if this is engineer genes into our babies.[11] Some also debate whether the government should or should not pay for in vitro fertilization for couples who are both carriers to ensure healthy babies.[12] Michael Kaback, a medical resident at John Hopkins University developed a screening for Tay Sachs (and other genetic diseases) by an enzyme assay test. This screening has been very effective and in its first 30 years, was almost able to eliminate Tay Sachs, especially from the Ashkenazi Jew population.[13] There have been scientists who believe being a Tay Sachs carrier is a good thing. Back in the 1970’s these carriers were believed to have higher intelligence and resistance to tuberculosis. However, there is but little evidence supporting these theories. Bibliography BBC (2006). Judaism and Genetic Engineering. March 5ht, 2008, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/jewishethics/genetic_1.shtml Cullis, T., Griffiths, A., Guttman, B. & Suzuki, D.(2002). Genetics: A Beginner`s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. Handy, J. Tay Sachs Disease. March 5th, 2008, from http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/core/bio/genetics/tay_sachs.htm Nash, D. J. (2004). Relativity. In Encyclopeida of Genetics Revised Edition. Pasadena: Salem Press, Inc. Windelspecht, M. (2007). Genetics 101. Westport: Greenword Publishing Group, Inc. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2007). NINDS Tay-Sachs Disease Information Page. March 5th, 2008 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/taysachs/taysachs.htm. National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases Association (2007). What is Tay-Sachs Disease. March 5th, 2008, from http://www.ntsad.org/ National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases Association of Delaware Valley. Tay-Sachs and Canavan Diseases can be prevented. March 5th, 2008 from http://www.tay-sachs.org/taysachs.php. U. S. National Library of Medicine. (2008). Tay-Sachs Disease. March 5th, 2008 from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=taysachsdisease. (2008) Tay-Sachs Disease. March 5th, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_sachs [1] NTSAD, 2007 [2] Wikipedia, 2008 [3] NTSAD, 2007 [4] NINDS, 2007 [5] U. S. National Library of Health, 2008 [6] NSTAD, 2007 [7] Wikipedia, 2008 [8] NINDS, 2007 [9] Wikipedia, 2008 [10] National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases Association of Delaware Valley, 2007 [11] BBC, 2006 [12] Handy, J., 2008 [13] Wikipedia, 2007 LOST IN SNOW
LOST IN SNOW
At last night falls cold winds BITING snow drifts
drifts on my body, still warm faintly clothing it burying it in cold frosty snow in an infinity lost missing At last
思念是一種病思念是一種病
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will hear it
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